Analysis of accelerated fatigue test technology for wind turbines gearbox

In order to satisfy the high reliability requirements of wind turbines gearbox, a method of accelerated fatigue test is proposed to verify the fatigue reliability of the gearbox. According to the design load spectrum, the equivalent load and the number of stress cycles of parts in gearbox are deduced. Based on Miner linear cumulative damage theory, the fatigue degree of the gears and bearings are calculated. A linear accelerated load spectrum with the equivalent fatigue ratio of design load spectrum is provided to check the reliability of the gearbox. The results show that this method can verify the reliability of wind turbine gearbox within about 800 h.     

Analysis of the distorted scaling factor in wind tunnel modeling of power transmission line system

Because of the limitation of the model making and the existing wind tunnel’s size, it is difficult to keep the line and tower in the same scaling factor in developing the aeroelastic model of the power transmission lines system, and a distorted scaling factor is needed in span length of the lines. With the instance of a 1 000 kV two circuit power transmission lines, the finite element analysis under the along wind load in time history is conducted with keeping the tower in the same and the line scaling factor being 1, 0.5 and 0.25 respectively. The results show that the response of the power transmission lines systems keep in the same, and then the wind induced vibration of the distorted model in the wind tunnel test can actually reflect the response of the power transmission lines system under the wind load.     

海南东寨港海桑＋无瓣海桑红树林生态系统防风效应研究

[目的]研究海南东寨港海桑＋无瓣海桑红树林生态系统防风效应。[方法]采用自动气象站对海南东寨港海桑＋无瓣海桑典型人工红树林生态系统的防风效应进行定位观测。[结果]在5min尺度上,平均风速依次为：林后IH（H为平均树高）〈林后4H〈林前1H〈林前4H,林后风速大幅度削减,防风效果明显。旱季和雨季频率最高的风向分别是NNE、NE,林后1H对NNE、NE风的减弱程度较大,分别为34．70％、62．99％。林后1H处不同风速的减弱系数G雨季均远远大于旱季。旱季和雨季半小时平均风速进程均呈“单峰”变化,白昼半小时平均风速远远大于夜晚,白昼半小时平均风速变化急剧,夜晚变化缓慢。5rain风速尺度上,林前1H风速与林前4H风速相关性最好。林前1H处与林后1H处风速正常情况下消减幅度为65．35％～77．21％,而热带风暴期间消减幅度为33．29％～53．21％。[结论】为最合理的红树林造林结构和造林位置提供了理论支持和技术指导。     

抚顺“090621”冰雹多普勒雷达回波特征分析

利用常规气象资料和沈阳多普勒雷达资料,从天气背景、物理量和雷达回波演变特征分析了2009年6月21日抚顺东部地区出现冰雹天气过程的成因。结果表明：此次冰雹天气发生在地面低压带、500hPa冷涡底部东南象限中,500hPa冷涡移动触发低层切变线形成。冰雹发生前大气有不稳定能量和水汽输送条件。850hPa低空冷空气的侵入加剧了大气层结不稳定,促进不稳定能量的释放。产生冰雹天气,高低空急流配合为强对流发展提供了动力条件。多普勒雷达资料表明,强对流天气有多个对流单体组成,发展强盛时有弓形、钩状和V形缺口等特征,强回波区为50～60dBz,最大达67dBz。径向速度有辐合区和逆风区。逆风区出现于冰雹前1h,是冰雹出现的强信号。液态水含量为20～40km／m^2,最大垂直液态水含量为50km／m^2。出现冰雹的对流单体回波顶高9．11km。垂直风廓线。中风向、风速出现较大垂直切变。     

Deposition of spray drift behind border structures

Windbreaks present a porous obstacle to the approaching airflow, forcing air to flow through the windbreak at a reduced speed and accelerate over the top. In this research, windbreaks were considered as border structures to mitigate spray drift. Air flows, with an interspace between it, particles are filtered from the flow by deposition on the windbreak. Hence there is a reduction in deposition in the downwind sheltered area (the ‘quiet zone’) behind the windbreak. Peak deposition in the sheltered area can occur at minimum wind speeds. The deposition profiles of spray drift behind various border structures were measured. In the first part, drift tests were performed in a wind tunnel. Artificial screens with various heights and open areas were tested. A row of plastic Christmas trees and natural canopies were also tested. Subsequently, drift experiments were performed under field conditions in a grassland with the artificial screens and a row of Fagus sylvatica trees. The artificial screens reduced spray drift deposition in the sheltered region, but significant deposition peaks were found behind the screens. The natural structures had potential to reduce drift deposition when their height was at least equal to the height of the spray nozzle(s). The drift deposition at short distances behind the natural structures was higher than deposition behind artificial structures, but conversely peaks in deposition in sheltered areas were not created by the natural structures.     

酒泉地区高空风速分布特征及影响因素

利用酒泉国家气候观象台1980-2001年探空资料,分析其风速垂直分布和月、年际变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明:风速在对流层内随高度增加而增大,在200 hPa达到最大,对流层之上随高度增加而减小。酒泉站处在高空最大风带(副热带急流)最南和最北之间的位置,最大风带随季节南北移动,使酒泉站高空最大风呈现出规律性的季节变化。符合酒泉航天发射活动最佳气象条件的时间为每年10~11月。     

基于改进蚁群算法的风洞试验俯仰机构运动误差优化

为提高风洞试验俯仰机构的运动精度,减少初始误差,提出了基于改进蚁群算法的俯仰机构运动误差优化分析方法。针对影响俯仰机构运动精度的3个误差源——弧形导轨半径R、连杆长度L、直线导轨安装位置yOa,建立俯仰机构运动误差分析数学模型;推导了可用于分析误差的改进蚁群算法模型,将俯仰机构3个误差源的求解转换为对目标函数优化问题的求解,采用改进算法进行误差优化。对比传统数值方法,改进后的蚁群算法对误差求解精度达到10~(-5)mm级,有效地避免了结构自身产生的初始误差源对计算结果的影响。     

驾车接近隧道过程中驾驶员的适应亮度变化规律

在驾车接近隧道过程中,驾驶员的适应亮度随视野内景物的变化而变化。基于驾驶员视觉适应进行隧道照明设计需要掌握驾驶员在接近隧道过程中适应亮度的变化规律,为此,以4座隧道为测试对象,对驾驶员在不同时段驾车接近隧道过程中距隧道一个停车视距内不同位置处的适应亮度进行了实测研究。结果发现,驾驶员在不同测试时段接近同一隧道过程中,其适应亮度变化规律基本相似;驾驶员在接近隧道的过程中,适应亮度逐渐降低,但其适应亮度的降低不是线性的,从驾驶员距隧道洞口20~30 m开始,适应亮度下降的速率变大。     

砒砂岩与沙复配土壤的冻融特征

[目的]揭示砒砂岩与沙复配土壤冻融特征及其对风蚀的影响,为毛乌素沙地土地整治可持续性提供理论依据。[方法]利用陕西省榆林市榆阳区气象资料和土壤观测数据,结合含水量变化规律,以砒砂岩与沙复配土壤为研究对象,沙土为对照,探究2种土壤冻结层形成差异、冻融过程及积雪消融特点。[结果]由于含水量的差异,复配土壤与沙冻结层形成特点具有差异,沙地表层通常会形成土壤干层,从表层之下冻结,而复配土壤的冻结层在地表形成;复配土壤的最大冻结深度为116.0cm;大于沙地的最大冻结深度96.0cm,且冻结层融解时间晚于沙地一周;积雪覆盖条件下,沙地表层存在1.0~6.4cm的土壤干层,而复配土壤表层不存在干层,复配土壤积雪盖度和厚度均大于原始沙地,阳坡尤为显著。[结论]土壤冻层和积雪在复配土壤地表形成了2层保护层,减少了休闲期的风蚀作用。     

浓缩风能装置内部流场仿真分析

浓缩风能装置是浓缩风能型风力发电机组的主要部件之一,其结构直接影响机组输出功率的大小。为了提高浓缩风能装置的浓缩效率,以浓缩风能装置为研究对象,应用三维建模软件与CFD(computational fluid dynamics)软件建立了几何模型与网格模型。基于上述模型,提出应用数值模拟方法对浓缩风能装置内部流场进行仿真分析,并通过比较分析不同湍流模型下的内部流场特性,得知标准κ-ω湍流模型更加适用于浓缩风能装置内部流场仿真。基于上述浓缩风能装置模型和湍流模型,分别对不同尺寸参数的浓缩风能装置内部流场特性进行仿真分析,得到了扩散角对浓缩风能装置内部流场特性的影响比收缩角、中央圆筒长度的影响大的规律,此规律为浓缩风能装置结构优化与设计提供了依据,优化后的结构能明显提高风能品质和风电机组输出功率。